Starter arrangement for splitphase motors



Nov. 19, 1946. M YUHAS 2,411,405

STARTER ARRANGEMENT FOR SPLIT PHASE MOTORS Filed 1943 2 sheets s l I "Ill/l l'llll/g g Zg/W/ n tted Nov- 19,1 6 2 411,405

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE STARTER ARRANGEMENT FOR S PLIT- PHASE MOTORS Marie Yuhas. Chicago, Ill. Application December 3, 1943, Serial No. 512,696

1 Claim. (Cl. 172 279) 1 The present invention relates to electric moing the invention except insofar as it is limited tors and more particularly to means for closing by the claims. the circuit through the auxiliary starting wind- In the drawings: ng 01' a split phase motor and subsequently gure 1 is an end view 01' a motor with the while the motor is running. This winding alone applied th r t however will not start the motor and the stator i r 3 s n l r V W ll s ratin the 0 he motor has an additional auxiliary windsam st u as s sh wn in Fi ur 2 ut with lng thereon which is put into circuit to mitiajly the winding slots shown in sectlon and the actual out of circuit once the motor is brought up to i e! s n a d ra m ntary sectional speed. The present invention is directed ene ta on t line o Figure 3 tirely to an attachment for automatically eflect- Figure 5 is a i n l Vi w tak n on the line ing a closure 01 the circuit through the auxiliary 5 5 Figure 3 winding when the main switch for energizing the Figure 6 s a Sectional View ta n on the l ne motor is closed, and automatically opening the f u e and circuit of the auxiliary winding as soon as the Figure 7 is a Sectional V e t n on the line motor has built up its spe d. -'l of Figure 3.

n i; e magnetic flux due to the reduced current e main windings of the motor are indicated drawn by t motor after it is brought up to by the reference numerals l3, I4, l5 and H5. The speed is utilized to open the circuit of the start auxiliary windings are idenhfied by the numerals ilig winding The entire unit necessary to aci131 and 2 9 leads to the mam Windcomphsh t iesult is housed in a suitable ings are shown at 2| and 22 while the auxiliary closure that protects it from dust and corrosion Winding leads are Shbwn at 23 and 2 and this particular enclosure may be mounted taken or the fact'that in a standard s lit hase he partiqular shwn here e Wind motor there are certain of t 6 slots wgichpcom -ing slots like the slots 25 and 26 within each auxtam only the mam windings thus leaving Space iliary winding where no turns of the auxiliary outlet of the slot 1 rovid n scription, reference being had to the accomp e a elongated'smp 3o .bar 2?.

amines are separated from the windings outside the slots by a sheet of insulation 32 (see Figure 3). Also, each bar is provided with a sleeve is of fibrous insulation-material, this sleeve merely covering the bar that projects beyond the momy improved switching device 36. Now when current is supplied to the main winding of the motor it will be evident that the bars 2'! and it will be magnetized because of their position in the core of the motor. The reversal of current through the core affects these bars like it are provided whereby this reversal is prevented from adversely affecting the operation of the switching device. The bar 21 is passed through the base plate 35 of the switching device 3 3 and is provided with a head {it (see Figure 6). A copper slug 3? is placed around the bar 21 adjacent the head 36. A washer 33 of insulation fits against the slug 3? and a contact and terminal spring as is mounted beneath the washer 3B. This contact and terfrom the bar 21 by a small washer ii) and an additional washer M is interposed between the base 355 and the contact and terminal spring. The entire assembly just described is clamped to the base 35 by a nut at that is threaded on the bar 2?.

The bar 28 is mounted as shown in Figure 7. It has a head at thereon and beneath the head 53 there is mounted a spring 6Q which rests on an insulating washer d that against the base 35. A nut 56 is used to clamp the spring M and the washer 35 beneath the head 53. The spring dd carries an armature bar 6i which is substantially U-shape in cross section as shown in Figure 5. Since the bar 28 is completely insulated from the motor core .it need not be insulated from the spring M which serves as a terminal for attachment of the lead 2 3 from the auxiliary windings. The spring M so mounts the armature bar Q? as to hold the mounted end thereof in close proximity to but spaced from the head t3 as illustrated in Figure 3. At its free end the armature bar ii carries a contact mounting strip' lt that has a contact element 59 thereon. The terminal spring 8% is turned up to provide a portion 50 that carries a contact 5i positioned to be engaged by the contact 59 when the armature ll is attracted. Two screws 52 of nonmetallic material serve to mount the strip 6% and in addition one of them extends through the bar i far enough to provide a stop 53 (see Figures 3 and 5) which prevents direct contact of the armature bar with the head 36 of the soft iron A guide yoke Fill is looped over the middle of the armature bar ll and is provided with a cushioning pad 55 to cushion the impact of the armature bar when it springs back to the open circuit position shown in Figure 3. The entire switch assembly is enclosed by a cover 56 which is mounted on the base 35. The lead it and a lead 51 to the source of current pass through suitable openings provided in the cover 58 so that the entire switch assembly may be closed tight to prevent dust from getting into the enclosure and fouling the contacts 19 and Bi.

The wiring diagram for the motor has not been shown but it is believed to be clear that the main windings 2| and 22 are connected through a main switch to a source of current. The lead 24 is connected, as already described, to the spring 4 3 while the lead 23 of the auxiliary winding goes to the source of current. Likewise the in turn bears lead 51 may go to the source oi current through the main switch.

In operation, when the main switch is closed current is supplied directly to the main windings l3, id, id and it. This main current, when the motor is stationary, is quite heavy and creates a strong magnetic fiux in the bars 21 and 28. This attracts the armature ii against the tension of the spring is so as to close the contacts 39 and El whereupon current is supplied to the auxiliary windings ll, it, 69 and 20 because. closing the contacts 69 and ti establishes a circuit from the lead 5i through the portion 56 of the spring 39,then through the armature bar ll and the spring 64 to the lead 2%. winding is thus energized to eifect starting of the motor in as soon as the motor gains running speed the current in the main winding drops of what it was when the rotor of the motor was standing still. As a result of the reduced current flowing in the main winding the attraction of the armature ll by the bars 21 and 28 is materially reduced. In fact, the reduction is adequate to permit the spring M to retract the armature and thus open the contacts $9 and 5!. This takes the auxiliary windings out of circuit and as long as the motor continues to run the main winding only will be energized.

The function of the copper slug 31 is to retard the magnetization and reversal of magnetization in the bar 21 so that it will not cause the armature to chatter due to the normal reversal of current in an alternating current source of supply. I found that without this slug the repeated closing and opening of the contacts 59 and El due to chattering of the armature ll defeated the purpose of the device. I found it necessary to provide the stop screw 52 to prevent freezing of ill to the head St on the bar 2?. If the armature is allowed to contact the heads 38 and at then the lowering of current due to the build up in speed of the motor may not release the armature and the auxiliary windings may remain in circuit.

The guide yoke 54 serves to limit the backward movement of the armature so that it is immaterial whether directed away from the heads 36 and 13 or toward them. It appears that attractive force obtained in the starting of the motor is sufficient to readily overcome the weight of the armature in case gravity tends to pull the armature away from the heads 36 and 13. The armature is made U-shaped in cross section partially to reduce its weight and partially because it appears to aid in magnetic attraction of the armature by the heads 35 and 63.

The bars 21 and 28 may be fixed in the slots of the stator in any suitable fashion, However, I find that it is not necessary to fasten them because the actual attraction tends to pull them into the stator slots and the insulating tubes 33 limit the inward movement of the bars.

It is believed to be evident from the foregoing description and the drawings that I have provided a very simple and effective means for energizing and de-energizing the starting windings of a split phase motor. The device involves very few moving parts and can be made completely dust and gas proof by sealing it in the enclosure. Likewise the device is so small and compact that it can be housed directly within the motor housing, if desired.

- Having thus described my invention, what I The auxiliary the weight of the armature is 6 claim as new and desire to secure by Letters armature away from said means when said means Patent is: is energized by starting current in the motor, a A switch for closing circuit through a starting stationary contact and a, contact operably conwinding of a split phase motor and opening said nectecl with said armature to engage the station netizable means and operable to oppose attraction 10 poles of the motor core, and said armature being a force capable of overcoming the attractive through said bars.

force or said means when energized by running MARIE YUHAs. current in the motor but incapable of holding the 

